“until” 和 “by”。虽然这两个词都可以译成 “到……时”，但它们的用法却不同。“Until” 表示某事在未来的某个时间点前持续发生；“by” 表示某事在未来某个时间或最后期限前发生。

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1 UntilUntil is used to talk about doing something up to a certain point in time.

“Until” 用来表示 “在某个时间点之前，一直做某事”。

I have to take care of my dog until 5pm.

Until the rain stops, we can&39;t go to the beach.

2 ByBy is used to talk about doing something before a future time or deadline.“By” 用来表示 “在未来某个时间或最后期限之前做某事”。

I have to finish an essay by 5pm.

By the time I come back, I want this room clean.

Exercise:

  1. I will be working _____(by/until) this evening. We can meet for dinner after that.
  2. The council expects the bridge to be finished ____(by/until) December.